梁弯曲振动边界元法仿真研究初探

简要分析了有限元法和边界元法在梁类零件振动仿真分析中的优点和缺点．梁是常用的机械结构件,在工程机械中的应用非常广泛．应用边界元法对矩形梁弯曲振动进行了仿真分析,当梁的弹性常数不变而横截面的高宽比改变时．其固有振动频率会相应地改变,为通过改变结构参数来改善梁结构的动力学性能进行理论探索．     

Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood II: modulus of elasticity evaluation of sections of differing quality in a wooden beam by the curvature of the flexural vibration wave

 The shape of the flexural vibration wave of wooden beams at the first mode was detected using the transfer function. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of beam sections of differing quality was estimated from the ratio of the curvature of the wave shape in this section to that of a clear beam. The results were as follows: (1) If a section with a lower dynamic MOE was introduced into a clear wooden beam, the curvature of the wave shape in that section became higher. (2) The ratio of the MOE and the reciprocal of the curvature ratio were highly correlated. (3) The MOE of a defect could be estimated, and the position of the defect could be determined accurately by examining the curvature of the flexural vibration wave shapes. Received: March 22, 2002 / Accepted: May 15, 2002 Part of this report was presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000. This article is translated from the Japanese version, which was published in Mokuzai Gakkaishi 47(5), 2001 Correspondence to:Y. Ishimaru     

Initial shapes of stress-strain curve of wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses and the piezoelectric behavior

This study investigated the relationship between the initial shape of the stress (σ)-strain (ε) curve of a Chamaecyparis obtusa wood specimen subjected to repeated combined compression and vibration stresses at various angles between the fiber direction and load direction and the piezoelectric behavior. The main findings of the study are: (1) the σ-ε curve became convex initially, and then the stress was proportional to the strain. The σ-ε curve had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading. (2) The σ-piezoelectric voltage (P) curve was nonlinear, with a maximal point or cusp on the curve, which had almost the same shape during both loading and unloading, as was also observed for the σ-ε curve. (3) The plot of the first derivative of the stress [dσ/dε (= σ′)] against ε was nonlinear. The σ′-ε and P-ε curves at various angles were fairly similar. (4) The stress at the maximal point (or cusp) of the σ-P curve decreased with an increase in the angle between the fiber direction and load direction. The tendency of the stresses was very similar to that of Young’s modulus and compression strength calculated from Hook’s law and Hankinson’s law, respectively.     

基于虚拟样机技术的双横臂独立前悬架振动仿真分析及参数优化

根据振动力学以及多刚体系统动力学原理，分析了悬架系统的振动模型，同时对双横臂独立前悬架做了合理的简化，建立了双横臂独立式前悬架力学及虚拟样机模型，并在虚拟样机软件ADAMS/VIEW模块上进行仿真，在此基础上对前悬架的各个参数进行优化设计，使得悬架振动达到一个最优值。     

Investigating the effects of simulated transport vibration on tomato tissue damage based on vis/NIR spectroscopy

Visible and near infrared (vis/NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were investigated to evaluate the effects of simulated transport vibration levels on damage of tomato fruit. A total of 280 tomato samples were randomly divided into 5 groups; each group was subjected to vibration at different acceleration levels. A total of 230 samples (46 from each group) were selected as a calibration set; whereas 50 samples (10 from each group) were selected as a prediction set. Raw spectra, differentiation (the first derivative) spectra, extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) processed spectra and standard normal variant combined with detrending (SNV–DT) processed spectra were used for calibration models. SNV–DT processed spectra had the best performance using for partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The PLS analysis was implemented to calibrate models with different wavelength bands including visible, short-wave near infrared (SWNIR) and long-wave near infrared (LWNIR) regions. The best PLS model was obtained in the vis/NIR (600–1600 nm) region. Using a grid search technique and radial basis function (RBF) kernel, four least squares support vector machine (LS–SVM) models with different latent variables (7, 8, 9, and 10 LVs) were compared. The optimal model was obtained with 9 LVs and the correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and bias for the best prediction by LS–SVM were 0.984, 0.137 and 0.003, respectively. The results showed that vis/NIR spectroscopy could be applied as a reliable and rapid method for predicting the effect of vibration levels on tissue damage of tomato fruit.     

离地高度可调的减振式履带驱动机构设计

履带式农田作业车由于其优异的通过性与稳定的行驶性能,被广泛使用于南方丘陵地区。针对传统履带底盘采用刚性悬架,无法调节离地高度,行驶时乘坐舒适性较差的问题,设计了一种离地高度可调的减振式履带驱动机构。该机构采用分离式设计,将整个驱动机构分为上层承载架与下层行驶架,通过在上、下层之间设置液压缸与弹性元件,达到在一定区间内调节车辆离地高度与减少车身振动的目的。通过对关键部件进行重点设计,并对其工作过程进行简要分析,该机构在理论上能达到设计要求。     

Short time effects of biological and inter-row subsoiling on yield of potatoes grown on a loamy sand,and on soil penetration resistance,root growth and nitrogen uptake

Soil compaction, especially subsoil compaction, in agricultural fields has increased due to widespread use of heavy machines and intensification of vehicular traffic. Subsoil compaction changes the relative distribution of roots between soil layers and may restrict root development to the upper part of the soil profile, limiting water and mineral availability. This study investigated the direct effects of inter-row subsoiling, biological subsoiling and a combination of these two methods on soil penetration resistance, root length density, nitrogen uptake and yield. In field experiments with potatoes in 2013 and 2014, inter-row subsoiling (subsoiler) and biological subsoiling (preceding crops) were studied as two potential methods to reduce soil penetration resistance. Inter-row subsoiling was carried out post planting and the preceding crops were established one year, or in one case two years, prior to planting. Soil resistance was determined with a penetrometer three weeks after the potatoes were planted and root length density was measured after soil core sampling 2 months after emergence. Nitrogen uptake was determined in haulm (at haulm killing) and tubers (at harvest). Inter-row subsoiling had the greatest effect on soil penetration resistance, whereas biological subsoiling showed no effects. Root length density (RDL) in the combined treatment was higher than in the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments and the control, whereas for the separate inter-row and biological subsoiling treatments, RLD was higher than in the control. Nitrogen uptake increased with inter-row subsoiling and was significantly higher than in the biological subsoiling and control treatments. However, in these experiments with a good supply of nutrients and water, no yield differences between any treatments were observed.     

某8V150型柴油机平衡轴优化设计

文章以某8V150柴油机为例,对其平衡轴进行了优化设计,使得双轴平衡机构不但能够100％的平衡二级往复惯性力,而且所设计的平衡轴尺寸小,质量轻,能够有效地消减机体的倾覆力矩,改善了发动机的振动特性,满足了设计要求.     

泵站前池非连续挑流消能防沙技术措施

通过前池水力过流情况分析和改造前现场试验,发现前池流态紊乱导致了田山一级泵站机组的剧烈振动和颤振.提出了由非连续底坎、非连续挑流墩和两道压水板组成的非连续挑流消能防沙技术措施,并对改造后泵站的运行情况进行了现场试验.试验结果表明,采用技术措施改造后,前池、进水池流态和水泵进水条件得到了显著的改善,池中断面流速分布趋于均匀且断面紊动能量明显降低;测试机组单泵流量平均提高了0.14 m3/s,水泵效率平均提高了4.99%,泵站装置效率平均提高了3.88%;消除了泵体颤振,使水泵喇叭口振动标准由4.5级烈度降低到1.8级烈度;减缓了前池和进水池泥沙淤积,使试验前池和进水池清淤时间由改造前的运行800h延长至改造后的运行1 300 h,防沙效果良好.非连续挑流消能防沙措施为多泥沙河流泵站技术改造提供了一种简单有效的方法.     

钢丝绳隔振器驾驶座减振性能研究

介绍了拖拉机非线性驾驶座动态特性分析和随机振动试验技术。该技术是在大量试验的基础上,根据振动理论和数值分析方法,建立起来的非线性驾驶座振动特性分析和仿真技术。将此技术运用到自行研制的复合阻尼钢丝绳隔振器驾驶座的研制和分析上,取得了良好的效果。